Part III: Regression and Causality

In Part I we covered the foundations of mathematics and in Part II we covered data, descriptive statistics and probability theory. This part introduces covariation and regression analysis — the central method for studying how variables relate to each other. We begin with the logic of causal analysis and the mathematical measurement of covariation, then move through the least squares method, multiple regression, and statistical testing of regression results. The part closes with methods for studying causal relationships using regression analysis.